A method of assembling original material in two separate rolls, allowing optical effects to be made by double printing.

When a role of 16mm film is held in a way that the outside end of the A-wind has perforations on the edge of the film, and the B-wind has the perforations on the ege away from the observer. In both cases the base surface faces outward on the roll.

A process that enables two pictures to overlap, either by printing two rolls of film, by taking two video signals through a switcher and time-base corrector, or by overlapping two shots on a nonlinear timeline.

(electronic A-B roll editing) – two video-audio sources are displayed from two video playback units, processed through a mixer/effects system, and then recorded onto a third recording video-tape recorder. Accordingly, assembly programs can be completed from five video/audio or film sources onto a master recorder in A-B-C-D-E roll editing. The process is generally computer-assisted and the sources must use SMPTE/EBU time coding for frame-accurate editing.

Direct comparison of audio, video, data, or RF signals using a quality test conducted by switching from one signal to another and monitoring any differences.

Reel of single perforated film unwinding clockwise with its emulsion coating (dull side) facing toward the hub or inside of the reel with the perforations toward the camera operator. Films with A-wind are used for making contact prints. Refers mostly to 16mm film stock.

A way of identifying the field arrengement of film frames that have been transferred to video.

See microbar.

The distortion of an image introduced by an optical element such as a lens, mirror, or prism.

The part of a production budget ear-marked for the creative aspects of production, including the salaries of the producer, director, writer and talent.

Refers to expenses for the many administrative, conceptual, and creative aspects of a specific motion picture, such as writing, producing, acting, and directing.

Production cost for the story/script, rights, talent, performer, producer, director. See also below-the-line cost.

Scratches or undesired marks on film surfaces, usually caused by pressure or rubbing against the surface.

A scratch on film caused by grit, dust, improper handling, emulsion build-up and certain types of film damage such as broken perforations.

(1) Light : the amo9unt of light lost by surrounding walls, sets. Darker surfaces absorb more light. (2) Sound absorption : weakened sound waves due to incomplete reflection. See also echo and reverberation.

The 2 at the end of the countdown leader.

Also called Academy mask. Standard image (frame) size of 33mm motion picture cameras and projectors since the introduction of sound (SOF), providing space for the sound track. Named after the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (USA). Also called Academy mask and movie tone frame.

Annual presentation by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences with awards given in more than 20 categories (USA). The first Academy Awards celebration was held on May 16, 1929, at Hollywood’s Roosevelt Hotel. Of the 15 statuettes presented, the principal winner were: Wings-Best Picture of the Year (1927-28) Emil Jannings-Best Actor Janet Gaynor-Best Actress Frank Borzaga-Best Director, Seventh Heaven Lewis Milestone-Best Comedy Director Special awards went to Warner Brothers for the pioneer talking picture The Jazz Singer and to Charlie Chaplin, producer, director, writer, and star of The Circus. See also Academy of Motion Picture Arts Sciences and Oscar.

A standard leader attached to the beginning (head) of each release print (also to projection print) with number markings [ranging from 10 (or 8) to 3, each 1 second apart]. Used for cueing up the film in the projector and for film picture alignment (USA).

See Academy aperture.