On June 3, 1973, she married actor Amitabh Bachchan. The couple has two children: Shweta Bachchan-Nanda and Abhishek Bachchan, an actor. Abhishek Bachchan married actress Aishwarya Rai on April 20, 2007.

Jaya's mother Indira Bhaduri resides alone in Bhopal.

Jaya has two grandchildren Navya Naveli and Agastya Nanda, Shweta Nanda’s daughters. Her son-in law is Nikhil Nanda.

Of late, Jaya Bachchan has been active in politics (as a member of the Samajwadi Party) and is a Rajya Sabha MP.

Sometime ago she was in a major controversy when she was disqualified as an MP because she was illeagly holding twin offices,that of an MP and Chair person of the UP Film development corporation. Following which she had to resign from the parliament and contest an election again.